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Robert J. Marzano is a speaker, trainer, and educational researcher in the United States. He has done educational research and theory on the topics of standards-based assessment, cognition, high-yield teaching strategies, and school leadership, including the development of practical programs and tools for teachers and administrators in K-12 schools. Marzano is co-founder and CEO of Marzano Research in Centennial, Colorado.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = Corwin )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = Solution Tree )〕 In 2012, the U.S. Department of Education's Institute of Education Sciences created the Regional Educational Laboratory (Central) at the Marzano Research, one of ten similar laboratories across the United States. Marzano was named executive director.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = DigitalJournal )〕 He is also Executive Director of Learning Sciences Marzano Center in West Palm Beach, Florida.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = Learning Sciences Marzano Center )〕 ==Research== Marzano has identified three areas central to school improvement reforms: fostering and sustaining system-wide teaching strategies; providing effective feedback to students; and building a strong student academic vocabulary. In ''Classroom Instruction That Works'' (2001), Marzano, Pickering, and Pollock outlined nine instructional strategies likely to improve student achievement across all grade levels and subject areas. These included: # Identifying similarities and differences. # Summarizing and note taking. # Reinforcing effort and providing recognition. # Homework and practice. # Non-linguistic representations. # Cooperative learning. # Setting objectives and providing feedback. # Generating and testing hypotheses. # Cues, questions, and advance organizers.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = Connecticut State Department of Education )〕 In 2003, Marzano co-authored ''Classroom Management That Works: Research-Based Strategies for Every Teacher'', which examined effective disciplinary interventions for teachers. They outlined practical steps teachers could implement in classrooms, including establishing rules and procedures; using effective disciplinary interventions; fostering positive student-teacher relationships; developing an effective mental set; and instilling student responsibility.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = Elementary Teachers Federation of Ontario )〕 Marzano is co-creator, with Learning Sciences Marzano Center, of the Marzano Hierarchical Evaluation System, which includes evaluation models for teacher, school leader, non-classroom instructor, and district leader evaluation.〔http://www.marzanocenter.com/Teacher-Evaluation/〕 Marzano is leader in research on evidence-based education. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Robert J. Marzano」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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